1 Keymap framework - how to define your keymap
2 ============================================
3 ***NOTE: This is not final version, may be inconsistent with source code and changed occasionally for a while.***
5 ## 0. Keymap and layers
6 **Keymap** is comprised of multiple layers of key layout, you can define **32 layers** at most.
7 **Layer** is an array of **keycodes** to define **actions** for each physical keys.
8 respective layers can be validated simultaneously. Layers are indexed with 0 to 31 and higher layer has precedence.
10 Keymap: 32 Layers Layer: Keycode matrix
11 ----------------- ---------------------
12 stack of layers array_of_keycode[row][column]
13 ____________ precedence _______________________
14 / / | high / ESC / F1 / F2 / F3 ....
15 31 /___________// | /-----/-----/-----/-----
16 30 /___________// | / TAB / Q / W / E ....
17 29 /___________/ | /-----/-----/-----/-----
18 : _:_:_:_:_:__ | : /LCtrl/ A / S / D ....
19 : / : : : : : / | : / : : : :
20 2 /___________// | 2 `--------------------------
21 1 /___________// | 1 `--------------------------
22 0 /___________/ V low 0 `--------------------------
27 Keymap has its state in two parameters:
28 **`default_layer`** indicates a base keymap layer(0-31) which is always valid and to be referred, **`keymap_stat`** is 16bit variable which has current on/off status of layers on its each bit.
30 Keymap layer '0' is usually `default_layer` and which is the only valid layer and other layers is initially off after boot up firmware, though, you can configured them in `config.h`.
31 To change `default_layer` will be useful when you switch key layout completely, say you want Colmak instead of Qwerty.
33 Initial state of Keymap Change base layout
34 ----------------------- ------------------
42 1 / / ,->1 /___________/
43 ,->0 /___________/ | 0
45 `--- default_layer = 0 `--- default_layer = 1
46 layer_state = 0x00000001 layer_state = 0x00000002
48 On the other hand, you shall change `layer_state` to overlay base layer with some layers for feature such as navigation keys, function key(F1-F12), media keys or special actions.
51 --------------------- bit|status
52 ____________ ---+------
54 30 /___________// -----> 30 | 1
55 29 /___________/ -----> 29 | 1
59 ,->1 /___________/ -----> 1 | 1
62 `--- default_layer = 1 |
63 layer_state = 0x60000002 <-'
67 ### 0.2 Layer Precedence and Transparency
68 Note that ***higher layer has higher priority on stack of layers***, namely firmware falls down from top layer to bottom to look up keycode. Once it spots keycode other than **`KC_TRNS`**(transparent) on a layer it stops searching and lower layers aren't referred.
70 You can place `KC_TRNS` on overlay layer changes just part of layout to fall back on lower or base layer.
71 Key with `KC_TRANS` doen't has its own keycode and refers to lower valid layers for keycode, instead.
75 ### 0.3 Keymap Example
76 Keymap is **`keymaps[]`** C array in fact and you can define layers in it with **`KEYMAP()`** C macro and keycodes. To use complex actions you need to define `Fn` keycode in **`fn_actions[]`** array.
78 This is a keymap example for [HHKB](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Hacking_Keyboard) keyboard.
79 This example has three layers, 'Qwerty' as base layer, 'Cursor' and 'Mousekey'.
82 `Fn0` is a **momentary layer switching** key, you can use keys on Cursor layer while holding the key.
84 `Fn1` is a momentary layer switching key with tapping feature, you can get semicolon **';'** with taping the key and switch layers while holding the key. The word **'tap'** or **'tapping'** mean to press and release a key quickly.
86 `Fn2` is a **toggle layer switch** key, you can stay switched layer after releasing the key unlike momentary switching.
88 You can find other keymap definitions in file `keymap.c` located on project directories.
90 static const uint8_t PROGMEM keymaps[][MATRIX_ROWS][MATRIX_COLS] = {
92 * ,-----------------------------------------------------------.
93 * |Esc| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 0| -| =| \| `|
94 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
95 * |Tab | Q| W| E| R| T| Y| U| I| O| P| [| ]|Backs|
96 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
97 * |Contro| A| S| D| F| G| H| J| K| L|Fn1| '|Enter |
98 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
99 * |Shift | Z| X| C| V| B| N| M| ,| .| /|Shift |Fn0|
100 * `-----------------------------------------------------------'
101 * |Gui|Alt |Space |Alt |Fn2|
102 * `-------------------------------------------'
104 KEYMAP(ESC, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, MINS,EQL, BSLS,GRV, \
105 TAB, Q, W, E, R, T, Y, U, I, O, P, LBRC,RBRC,BSPC, \
106 LCTL,A, S, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, FN1, QUOT,ENT, \
107 LSFT,Z, X, C, V, B, N, M, COMM,DOT, SLSH,RSFT,FN0, \
108 LGUI,LALT, SPC, RALT,FN2),
109 /* 1: Cursor(HHKB mode)
110 * ,-----------------------------------------------------------.
111 * |Pwr| F1| F2| F3| F4| F5| F6| F7| F8| F9|F10|F11|F12|Ins|Del|
112 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
113 * |Caps | | | | | | | |Psc|Slk|Pus|Up | |Backs|
114 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
115 * |Contro|VoD|VoU|Mut| | | *| /|Hom|PgU|Lef|Rig|Enter |
116 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
117 * |Shift | | | | | | +| -|End|PgD|Dow|Shift | |
118 * `-----------------------------------------------------------'
119 * |Gui |Alt |Space |Alt |Gui|
120 * `--------------------------------------------'
122 KEYMAP(PWR, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12, INS, DEL, \
123 CAPS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,PSCR,SLCK,PAUS,UP, TRNS,BSPC, \
124 LCTL,VOLD,VOLU,MUTE,TRNS,TRNS,PAST,PSLS,HOME,PGUP,LEFT,RGHT,ENT, \
125 LSFT,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,PPLS,PMNS,END, PGDN,DOWN,RSFT,TRNS, \
126 LGUI,LALT, SPC, RALT,RGUI),
128 * ,-----------------------------------------------------------.
129 * |Esc| F1| F2| F3| F4| F5| F6| F7| F8| F9|F10|F11|F12|Ins|Del|
130 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
131 * |Tab | | | | | |MwL|MwD|MwU|MwR| | | |Backs|
132 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
133 * |Contro| | | | | |McL|McD|McU|McR| | |Return |
134 * |-----------------------------------------------------------|
135 * |Shift | | | | |Mb3|Mb2|Mb1|Mb4|Mb5| |Shift | |
136 * `-----------------------------------------------------------'
137 * |Gui |Alt |Mb1 |Alt | |
138 * `--------------------------------------------'
139 * Mc: Mouse Cursor / Mb: Mouse Button / Mw: Mouse Wheel
141 KEYMAP(ESC, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12, INS, DEL, \
142 TAB, TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,WH_L,WH_D,WH_U,WH_R,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,BSPC, \
143 LCTL,TRNS,ACL0,ACL1,ACL2,TRNS,MS_L,MS_D,MS_U,MS_R,TRNS,QUOT,ENT, \
144 LSFT,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,BTN3,BTN2,BTN1,BTN4,BTN5,SLSH,RSFT,TRNS, \
145 LGUI,LALT, BTN1, RALT,TRNS),
148 static const uint16_t PROGMEM fn_actions[] = {
149 ACTION_LAYER_MOMENTARY(1), // FN0
150 ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(2, KC_SCLN), // FN1
151 ACTION_LAYER_TOGGLE(2), // FN2
158 See [`common/keycode.h`](../common/keycode.h) or keycode table below for the detail. Keycode is internal **8bit code** to inidicate action performed on key in keymap. Keycode has `KC_` prefixed symbol respectively. Most of keycodes like `KC_A` have simple action registers key to host on press and unregister on release, while some of other keycodes has some special actions like `Fn` keys, Media contorl keys, System control keys and Mousekeys.
160 ***In `KEYMAP()` macro you should omit prefix part `KC_` of keycode to keep keymap compact.*** For example, just use `A` instead you place `KC_A` in `KEYMAP()`. Some keycodes has 4-letter **short name** in addition to descriptive name, you'll prefer short one in `KEYMAP()`.
163 - `KC_NO` for no aciton
164 - `KC_TRNS` for layer transparency (See above)
167 - `KC_A` to `KC_Z`, `KC_1` to `KC_0` for alpha numeric key
168 - `KC_MINS`, `KC_EQL`, `KC_GRV`, `KC_RBRC`, `KC_LBRC`, `KC_COMM`, `KC_DOT`, `KC_BSLS`, `KC_SLSH`, `KC_SCLN`, `KC_QUOT`
169 - `KC_ESC`, `KC_TAB`, `KC_SPC`, `KC_BSPC`, `KC_ENT`, `KC_DEL`, `KC_INS`
170 - `KC_UP`, `KC_DOWN`, `KC_RGHT`, `KC_LEFT`, `KC_PGUP`, `KC_PGDN`, `KC_HOME`, `KC_END`
171 - `KC_CAPS`, `KC_NLCK`, `KC_SLCK`, `KC_PSCR`, `KC_PAUS`, `KC_APP`, `KC_F1` to `KC_F24`
172 - `KC_P1` to `KC_P0`, `KC_PDOT`, `KC_PCMM`, `KC_PSLS`, `KC_PAST`, `KC_PMNS`, `KC_PPLS`, `KC_PEQL`, `KC_PENT` for keypad.
175 There are 8 modifiers which has discrimination between left and right.
177 - `KC_LCTL` and `KC_RCTL` for Control
178 - `KC_LSFT` and `KC_RSFT` for Shift
179 - `KC_LALT` and `KC_RALT` for Alt
180 - `KC_LGUI` and `KC_RGUI` for Windows key or Command key in Mac
183 - `KC_MS_U`, `KC_MS_D`, `KC_MS_L`, `KC_MS_R` for mouse cursor
184 - `KC_WH_U`, `KC_WH_D`, `KC_WH_L`, `KC_WH_R` for mouse wheel
185 - `KC_BTN1`, `KC_BTN2`, `KC_BTN3`, `KC_BTN4`, `KC_BTN5` for mouse buttons
187 ### 1.4 System & Media key
188 - `KC_PWR`, `KC_SLEP`, `KC_WAKE` for Power, Sleep, Wake
189 - `KC_MUTE`, `KC_VOLU`, `KC_VOLD` for audio volume control
190 - `KC_MNXT`, `KC_MPRV`, `KC_MSTP`, `KC_MPLY`, `KC_MSEL` for media control
191 - `KC_MAIL`, `KC_CALC`, `KC_MYCM` for application launch
192 - `KC_WSCH`, `KC_WHOM`, `KC_WBAK`, `KC_WFWD`, `KC_WSTP`, `KC_WREF`, `KC_WFAV` for web browser operation
195 `KC_FNnn` are keycodes for `Fn` key which not given any actions at the beginning unlike most of keycodes has its own inborn action. To use these keycodes in `KEYMAP()` you need to assign action you want at first. Action of `Fn` key is defined in `fn_actions[]` and its index of the array is identical with number part of `KC_FNnn`. Thus `KC_FN0` keyocde indicates the action defined in first element of the array. ***32 `Fn` keys can be defined at most.***
197 ### 1.6 Keycode Table
198 See keycode table in [`doc/keycode.txt`](./keycode.txt) for description of keycodes.
200 In regard to implementation side most of keycodes are identical with [HID usage][HID_usage](pdf) sent to host for real and some virtual keycodes are defined to support special actions.
201 [HID_usage]: http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/Hut1_11.pdf
206 See [`common/action.h`](../common/action.h). Action is a **16bit code** and defines function to perform on events of a key like press, release, holding and tapping.
208 Most of keys just register 8bit scancode to host, but to support other complex features needs 16bit extended action codes internally. However, using 16bit action codes in keymap results in double size in memory compared to using jsut keycodes. To avoid this waste 8bit keycodes are used in `KEYMAP()` instead of action codes.
210 ***You can just use keycodes of `Normal key`, `Modifier`, `Mousekey` and `System & Media key` in keymap*** to indicate corresponding actions instead of using action codes. While ***to use other special actions you should use keycode of `Fn` key defined in `fn_actions[]`.***
214 This is a simple action that registers scancodes(HID usage in fact) to host on press event of key and unregister on release.
216 #### 2.1.1 Normal key and Modifier
217 ***This action usually won't be used expressly in keymap*** because you can just use keycodes in `KEYMAP()` instead.
219 You can define these actions on *'A'* key and *'left shift'* modifier with:
224 #### 2.1.2 Key with modifiers
225 This action is comprised of strokes of modifiers and a key. `Macro` action is needed if you want more complex key strokes.
227 Say you want to assign a key to `Shift + 1` to get charactor *'!'* or `Alt + Tab` to switch application windows.
229 ACTION_MOD_KEY(KC_LSFT, KC_1)
230 ACTION_MOD_KEY(KC_LALT, KC_TAB)
232 Or `Alt,Shift + Tab` can be defined. `ACTION_LMODS_KEY()` requires **4-bit modifier state** and a **keycode** as arguments. See `keycode.h` for `MOD_BIT()` macro.
234 ACTION_MODS_KEY((MOD_BIT(KC_LALT) | MOD_BIT(KC_LSFT)), KC_TAB)
236 #### 2.1.3 Multiple Modifiers
237 Registers multiple modifiers with a key.
239 ACTION_MODS(MOD_BIT(KC_ALT) | MOD_BIT(KC_LSFT))
241 #### 2.1.3 Modifier with tap key
243 ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(KC_RSFT, KC_GRV)
248 These actions operate layers of keymap.
253 + **on**: { press | release | both }
256 #### 2.2.1 Default Layer
257 `default_layer` is layer which always is valid and referred to when actions is not defined on other overlay layers.
259 Sets `default_layer` to given parameter `layer` and turn it on.
261 ACTION_DEFAULT_LAYER(layer)
264 #### 2.2.2 Momentary Switch
265 Turns on `layer` momentarily while holding, in other words turn on when key is pressed and off when released.
267 ACTION_LAYER_MOMENTARY(layer)
270 #### 2.2.3 Toggle Switch
271 Turns on layer on first type and turns off on next.
273 ACTION_LAYER_TOGGLE(layer)
276 #### 2.2.4 Momentary Switch with tap key
277 Turns on layer momentary while holding but registers key on tap.
279 ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(layer, key)
282 #### 2.2.5 Momentary Switch with tap toggle
283 Turns on layer momentary while holding but toggles it with serial taps.
285 ACTION_LAYER_TAP_TOGGLE(layer)
288 #### 2.2.6 Invert state of layer
289 Inverts current layer state. If the layer is on it becomes off with this action.
291 ACTION_LAYER_INVERT(layer, on)
294 #### 2.2.7 Turn On layer
295 Turns on layer state.
297 ACTION_LAYER_ON(layer, on)
299 Turns on layer state on press and turns off on release.
301 ACTION_LAYER_ON_OFF(layer)
304 #### 2.2.8 Turn Off layer
305 Turns off layer state.
307 ACTION_LAYER_OFF(layer, on)
309 Turns off layer state on press and activates on release.
311 ACTION_LAYER_OFF_ON(layer)
316 `layer_state = (1<<layer) [layer: 0-31]`
318 ACTION_LAYER_SET(layer, on)
320 Turns on layer only and clear all layer on release..
322 ACTION_LAYER_SET_CLEAR(layer)
329 `Macro` action indicates complex key strokes.
331 MACRO( MD(LSHIFT), D(D), END )
332 MACRO( U(D), MU(LSHIFT), END )
333 MACRO( I(255), T(H), T(E), T(L), T(L), W(255), T(O), END )
335 #### 2.3.1 Normal mode
336 - **I()** change interavl of stroke.
338 - **U()** release key
339 - **T()** type key(press and release)
341 - **MD()** modifier down
342 - **MU()** modifier up
345 #### 2.3.2 Extended mode
347 ***TODO: sample impl***
348 See `keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c` for sample.
352 ### 2.4 Function action
355 There are two type of action, normal `Function` and tappable `Function`.
356 These actions call user defined function with `id`, `opt`, and key event information as arguments.
359 To define normal `Function` action in keymap use this.
361 ACTION_FUNCTION(id, opt)
363 #### 2.4.2 Function with tap
364 To define tappable `Function` action in keymap use this.
366 ACTION_FUNCTION_TAP(id, opt)
368 #### 2.4.3 Implement user function
369 `Function` actions can be defined freely with C by user in callback function:
371 void keymap_call_function(keyrecord_t *event, uint8_t id, uint8_t opt)
373 This C function is called every time key is operated, argument `id` selects action to be performed and `opt` can be used for option. Functon `id` can be 0-255 and `opt` can be 0-15.
375 `keyrecord_t` is comprised of key event and tap count. `keyevent_t` indicates which and when key is pressed or released. From `tap_count` you can know tap state, 0 means no tap. These information will be used in user function to decide how action of key is performed.
393 ***TODO: sample impl***
394 See `keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c` for sample.
400 ## 3. Layer switching Example
401 There are some ways to switch layer with 'Layer' actions.
403 ### 3.1 Momentary switching
404 Momentary switching changes layer only while holding Fn key.
406 This action makes 'Layer 1' active(valid) on key press event and inactive on release event. Namely you can overlay a layer on base layer temporarily with this.
408 ACTION_LAYER_MOMENTARY(1)
411 After switch actions of destination layer are perfomed.
412 ***Thus you shall need to place action to come back on destination layer***, or you will be stuck in destination layer without way to get back. Usually you need to palce same action or 'KC_TRNS` on destination layer to get back.
415 ### 3.2 Toggle switching
416 Toggle switching changes layer after press then release. With this you can keep staying on the layer until you press the key again to return.
418 This is toggle action of 'Layer 2'.
420 ACTION_LAYER_TOGGLE(2)
424 ### 3.3 Momentary switching with Tap key
425 These actions switch layer only while holding `Fn` key and register key on tap. **Tap** means to press and release key quickly.
427 ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(2, KC_SCLN)
429 With this you can place layer switching function on normal key like ';' without losing its original key register function.
433 ### 3.4 Momentary switching with Tap Toggle
434 This switches layer only while holding `Fn` key and toggle layer after several taps. **Tap** means to press and release key quickly.
436 ACTION_LAYER_TAP_TOGGLE(1)
438 Number of taps can be defined with `TAPPING_TOGGLE` in `config.h`, `5` by default.
443 Tapping is to press and release key quickly. Tapping speed is determined with setting of `TAPPING_TERM`, which can be defined in `config.h`, 200ms by default.
446 This is feature to assign normal key action and modifier including `Fn` to just one physical key. This is a kind of [Dual role modifier][dual_role]. It works as modifier or `Fn` when holding a key but registers normal key when tapping.
448 Action for modifier with tap key.
450 ACTION_LMODS_TAP_KEY(mods, key)
452 Action for `Fn` with tap key.
454 ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(layer, key)
456 [dual_role]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifier_key#Dual-role_modifier_keys
460 This is feature to assign both toggle layer and momentary switch layer action to just one physical key. It works as mementary switch when holding a key but toggle switch when tapping.
462 ACTION_LAYER_TAP_TOGGLE(layer)
465 ### 4.3 One Shot Modifier
466 This adds oneshot feature to modifier key. 'One Shot Modifier' is one time modifier which has effect only on following one alpha key.
467 It works as normal modifier key when holding but oneshot modifier when tapping.
469 ACTION_LMODS_ONESHOT(mods)
471 Say you want to type 'The', you have to push and hold Shift before type 't' then release Shift before type 'h' and 'e' or you'll get 'THe'. With One Shot Modifier you can tap Shift then type 't', 'h' and 'e' normally, you don't need to holding Shift key properly here.
477 This was used in prior version and still works due to legacy support code in `common/keymap.c`. Legacy keymap doesn't support many of features that new keymap offers. ***It is not recommended to use Legacy Keymap for new project.***
479 To enable Legacy Keymap support define this macro in `config.h`.
481 #define USE_LEGACY_KEYMAP
483 Legacy Keymap uses two arrays `fn_layer[]` and `fn_keycode[]` to define Fn key. The index of arrays corresponds with postfix number of `Fn` key. Array `fn_layer[]` indicates destination layer to switch and `fn_keycode[]` has keycodes to send when tapping `Fn` key.
485 In following setting example, `Fn0`, `Fn1` and `Fn2` switch layer to 1, 2 and 2 respectively. `Fn2` registers `Space` key when tapping while `Fn0` and `Fn1` doesn't send any key.
487 static const uint8_t PROGMEM fn_layer[] = {
493 static const uint8_t PROGMEM fn_keycode[] = {
503 is comprised of multiple layers.
505 is matrix of keycodes.
507 is physical button on keyboard or logical switch on software.
509 is codes used on firmware.
511 is a function assigned on a key.
512 ### layer transparency
513 Using transparent keycode one layer can refer key definition on other lower layer.
515 Top layer has higher precedence than lower layers.
517 is to press and release a key quickly.
519 is key which executes a special action like layer switching, mouse key, macro or etc.
520 ### dual role modifier
521 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifier_key#Dual-role_modifier_keys>