From 04222fa0c35f377653abe2f4f7f50f04f35de768 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Maximilian Friedersdorff <max@friedersdorff.com>
Date: Fri, 24 May 2019 14:04:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Some notes and excercises on generators and comprehensions

---
 comprehensions_and_generators.pdf | 982 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 comprehensions_and_generators.rst | 102 ++++
 excercises.py                     |  41 ++
 3 files changed, 1125 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 comprehensions_and_generators.pdf
 create mode 100644 comprehensions_and_generators.rst
 create mode 100644 excercises.py

diff --git a/comprehensions_and_generators.pdf b/comprehensions_and_generators.pdf
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index 0000000..abfeada
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diff --git a/comprehensions_and_generators.rst b/comprehensions_and_generators.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ccf70a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/comprehensions_and_generators.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+List Comprehensions
+===================
+
+List comprehensions are declarative ways of defining lists in python. The 
+following ways of building a list are equivalent:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        l = [x**2 for x in range(1, 10)]
+
+        l = []
+        for x in range(1, 10):
+            l.append(x**2)
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        m = [x for x in range(1, 10) if x % 2 == 1]
+
+        m = []
+        for x in range(1, 10):
+            if x % 2 == 1:
+                m.append(x)
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        n = [(x, y) for x in range(1, 10) for y in range(1, 10) if x > y]
+
+        n = []
+        for x in range(1, 10):
+            for y in range(1, 10):
+                if x > y:
+                    n.append((x, y))
+
+The general form is:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        [expression for x in y condition]
+
+
+Dictionary Comprehensions
+=========================
+
+Dictionary comprehensions are the analogous construct for dictionaries:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        o = {x: x**3 for x in range(1, 100) if math.sqrt(x).is_integer()}
+
+        o = {}
+        for x in range(1, 100):
+            if math.sqrt(x).is_integer():
+                o[x] = x**3
+
+I have never used a dictionary comprehension outside of exercises.  I don't 
+know how useful they are, and I'm struggling to think of good examples.
+
+Generators
+==========
+
+A generator is a function that yields values rather than returning them.  For
+example:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        def squares():
+            i = 0
+            while True
+                yield i**2 
+                i += 1
+
+The built in `range` function is similar to a generator.  Generators are iterable:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        for square in squares():
+            print(square)
+            if square > 10000:
+                break
+
+But only once!
+
+Generators can take arguments:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        def exponents(exp):
+            i = 0
+            while True
+                yield i**exp
+                i += 1
+
+
+
+Generator expressions are similar to list comprehensions:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+        squares = (i**2 for i in range(10000)) 
+
+Generators are lazy, values are calculated when needed, meaning they can represent
+infinite sequences without requiring infinite memory.
diff --git a/excercises.py b/excercises.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48a435b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/excercises.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Write list comprehensions, dictionary comprehensions or generators as
+# necessary to produce the following outputs:
+
+# A list of all odd integers between 0 and 100
+
+
+# Some examples from reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/comments/4d2yl7/i_need_list_comprehension_exercises_to_drill/
+# Find all integers between 1-1000 that contain a 3.  What about the first 1000
+# integers with that property that are greater than 35?
+
+
+# Replace all occurences of 'a' with '!' in the following string (but don't use
+# a library function.  Yes I know str.replace exists.
+"Conditional expressions can be used in all kinds of situations where you want to choose between two expression values based on some condition. This does the same as the ternary operator ?: that exists in other languages."
+
+
+# List all the words in the obove string that contain more than 5 letters
+
+
+# Count the number of occurences of each letter in the above string.  The output
+# should be a dictionary with the letter as the key, and the number of occurences
+# as the value. I am actually not sure this is a good example.
+
+
+# The square root of 2 is 1.41, in base 10 the second decimal place as a value
+# of 1.  What are the first 10 such integers?  Hint: itertool.count() is a
+# generator that will yield all non negative integers.
+
+
+# The first 10 lines of a file that do not start with a '#' character.  (After
+# you implement some of the things in this file, you could use this file).
+
+
+# Create an iterable that contains all members of the fibonaci sequence.
+
+
+# Implement the 'range' generator.
+
+
+# Create an iterable that contains the moving average over the fibonacci
+# sequence.
-- 
2.47.1